Gear-cutting machine.



i, fifi VILLQJLLQQJLB 'n H. D. WILLIAMS.

GEAR CUTTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION mio 1AN.24. m4.

Patented Am'. 6, I

B SHEETS-SHEET l.

Llfl,

w/TNESS H. D. WILLIAMS. GEAR CUTTING MACHINE.

r APPLICATION FILED 1AN.24, 1914. l v l e Patented Apr. 6, 1915.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

f. WJLUMS l y Dp@ Tram/EY H. x WILUAMS,

GEAR CUTTING MACHiNE.

APPLlcAUoN FILED 1mm 1914.

1 34;? l gamma Apr. ma

B SHEETS-SHEET 4.

H. D. WILLIAMS.

GEAR CUTTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 1AN.24, 1914.

Patented Apr. 6, 1915.

8 SHEETS-SHEBT 6.

MQW

8% .wk ATTORNEY imma mzzl/1M?" Y H. D. WILLIAMS.

GEAR CUTTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.24, 1914. 1,1 34.71 1 Patented Apr.6,1915.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

@im r X72 A TI'OHNEY II. D. WILLIAMS.

GEAR CUTTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION` FILED IAII.24. I9I4.

1,134,71 1. Patented Apr. e, 1915y 8 SHEETS-SHEET '1.

IN VEN TH W/TNLCSSES: W MMU mlm/w I L Anon/ver' H, D. wlLLrAMs. GEARCUTTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED IAN-24, I9I4 Patented Apr. 6, 1915 8 SHEETS-SHEET E3vW/T/VESSES:

....NY, NC., OF NIE?! GEAB-CUTTING MACHNE.

E@ it lnein. that I, HARVEY i). WILLIAMS, e. citizen si' lle iiitedStates. en@ a. i'esident of the lnieiigli @i lranliactnn, city. County,:incl .file of Yoik, 'have invente-.nd useful improvements inear-Uniting lowing is a. speeiention.

My invenioii ielzites i0 machines for eut ting gears, :incl pariienlailypinions, of a novel che-.meier Geiisefl by ine, certain ferme eli' whichlegeriliecl more i'iilly 'in my zipplica'ition oi Leit-ers Patent Unierlpatent Office en April il, l??? fai lle. y The machine llereindescribe-l ina ne usec. $0 nizilie oi' cut one er more pinions ai. oneepez'aion. The paiiculei' machine 'il lieti-med in the main Views ofiii@ revf'ings zicconiifziziying this application 'will cui eifel 'tlefli 0iY the type desigii'aiecl if' lg bui? in seperate View l liew themachine niej; be 'Vel piniens Wili skew tee-ih. f surfaces cuid by themw igh; lines which are not if the bianl they are n eitlie: of i eoli 0iof ne geen with which the i, that to Sziv, iii either e'fent, the eel,ii.' luis We cutting edges, will eut tim mijaceii eetli. sui'fsiees ei"the pinion it -iie seine Line Seial tive cutting l l enges'vcoi'zespending w ifve adgaeent or successive #teeth surfaces of he gearVith which the preiliiet the machine is te mesh.A

Reference te be had to lie eceeinpnnjh ing f iiewini in which Fiffnici.it a. *Je tical section. taken en lines lof gs. 2 anal 2a, ihren eportion ef one ferm of my improved nia-shine, with pai-is olnitieii; Fla is s. detail vertical seetion of c' in pis, taken en the line ik-1al; Figs. 2 incl Qa are puitial plan views of the machine, with parteijzoken away so as it@ 1netter disclose those located under them, and.@their parts omitted for the salie cleainess; 3 is e.. bottoni View ofthe euiei- Specification of Letters Patent ricliines, of which the fol-`iiled in the- `by sliding it upwerdiv.

of Fig 5; .55 in the dii'eio showing a portion ef the i'etai'tool-carrier foiiiiing part .n

Fig', 6 is a section substantially of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a face View ofmolied head used in cennection with the nieliine;

Eig. 8 is a paitizii veiieal ,e

tially on line 8&8 of Fg.. l enlarged detail vertical section on line81-9 of Fig. 2Q; Fig..

1 1 horizontal sections ezi im'w ll-l iespeeivelj.T of Fig. partial endoi facevview e?? n as is produced with lle aifl ei 1 .i Fig. 13 is anenlarged eie of such pinion, looking i the arrow 4 in l. anrl outlinelille cette; fr, Figs. ii and i5 plan View or fm.. side elevation i gearwith which `ne s* to mesh; Fig. 26 is e. eei'iiei per enel of thecutter, leoki in the cliiecien ef the ff l i l Sila? i.

l Fig. i7 is n. side if'ie.' `l clireetiun as in s a, shape cliffei'enifieni ii Figs. l, 3, and 1-5 Figs. 1S and i@ similar o Figll, butl.siowiifig tive 35 each of Wliil l l il ing to the lef'i: and Fig. 19iss. parcial ing an e teeth.

The machine elio Wn i prises ny suitable frame tubular eenm'nl portionings il in which is jeun l shaft 22 liiven in any i as by bei-el gearingi- Connectieii between lle simil 23 is ieese und detachable, said gearwith e lieg; or feai tiidinal gi-Qoife 22 in the shaft may be Wiihdra-Wnil,

the parte ne'znnlly @ein end of the shaft. ihas :L sleeve 23 ce; with asleeve m' 'pari 29 and Stippel-efY eneaii. pari. The 1 tend upwardlyfrom the plate 26, being secured, say, by nuts 28; eight such' pinswould be'used in the particular machine illustrated by the drawings.These pins are of circular cross section, but preferably tapered towardtheir upper ends, for the purpose of facilitating the application orremoval of the parts fitted on said pins. Each of the pins 27 receives abushing 29 having a cylindrical inner surface and an outer surface whichis rounded spherically, at least on its lower portion. AOn thisball-shaped portion is fitted to move a socket member consisting of atop piece 30 and a bottom iece 31, having their inner surfaces curvevspherically to correspond to the bushing 29, while their outer surfacesare screw-threaded for connection With rods 32 suitably perforated forthe reception of these socket members; each of the latteris preferablyprovided with a iiange 30 and 31 respectively at its exposed'end.Similarbushings 33 and socket members 34, 35 with flanges 34', 35respectivelyare provided at the other (outer) ends of the connectingrods 32. The bushings 33 at the outer ends of the connecting rods 32 arefitted on normally vertical pins 36, similar tothe pins 27'fin being ofcircular cross section and tapered toward their upper ends. Oney of therods 32 has at its inner end, a

fork 32 engaging a lug 26 projecting ,from

the hub 237. Cotter pins 37, 38 normally prevent the connecting rods 32,with their socket members 30, 31, 34, 35, and bushings 29, 33, ,frombeing withdrawn upwardly from the pins 27,36. y is secured to a plate36, fastened, as by means of screws/36, toa slide 39, arranged toreciprocate upona guide 40. F or reasons stated hereinafter, I prefer toarrange the pin 3 6 unsymmetrically with reference to the holes .of theplate 36 which are adapted to receive the screws 36.' The guided() isforked at its outer end, the fork members 40 being provided with-aiining openings, screw-threaded at their adjacent portions, to receivethe threaded portions il of trunnion screws, while the remainingportions of said openings are smooth and of a smaller diametcr, toreceive the smooth4 portions or shanks il' of the trunnion screws. Theafljacent ends of said screws have angular heads 41 to enable a wrenchor the like to 'oe applied for turning and adjusting the trunnionscrews, .the other ends of said screws being conical, as indicated at4l*, to fit corresponding bearings in' brackets or ribs 42. Set screws40 serve to hold-,the

ment) relatively to the guide 4G, 40.

`inner portion of the holder 'l.

Each of the pins 3G' thicknesses may be accommodated.

The brackets or ribs 42 form part of, or are secured to, a. rotarycarrier or annular turntable 43,'supported by, and mounted to turn upon,a 'circular track lli concentric with the shaft 22, said track formingpart of the stationary frame. The turntable 43 is formed with aninclined portion 43 at its inner edge, for normally supporting theguides. 40 and slides or tool-holders 39 in the inclined position shown,so that the cutting tools 45 carried by the individual slides, will4during their inward or working stroke,

travel in inclined paths parallel to lines con-A verging toward a pointon the axis of the shaft 22. During the outward or return stroke,however, the tool may clear the work, or rather slide over it lightly,owing to the slide 39 and its guide Ll() swinging on the trunnions 41:5.

ln'order that the individual tools 45 may be adjusted as'required,relatively to the respective slides 39, the following arrangement isprovided: The tool il5 has a shank 45 of angular cross section, fittedinto a holder 4.6 having an aperture 4G which holds the tool againstlateral movement (sce Fig. 3) but allows it to be adjusted toward orfrom the shaft 22, or rather the holder is adjustable in this direction,the shank of the tool litting partly within a recess 39 of therespective yslide 39, -and being pressed tightly against the transversewall of said recess, by means of a set screw #L7 passing through the Thelatter is connected adjustably with the slide 39, the outer end of theholder having a screw to which lits a corresponding socket 39 of theslide, and the body ol the holder is cylindrical as shown Figs. 3 andil, the slide 39 v having a corresponding v`recess 39th The upper end 45of the tool shank is substantially cylindrical, and on this portion ismounted to 'turn a nut 4.3 screwing on the v shank and held againstlongitudinal inovement in any'suitable manner, as by fitting a portionof the nut between the upper surface of the .slide 3*.) and a` confiningplate lf) secured to the slide by means cfa screw 50, a washer ordistance piece being used to prevent the plate 4i) from clamping the nut4S against the slide39. The holder'JfG is made adjustable toward andfrom the shaft 22 so that tools having Shanks of different Uponloosening the set screw 47, the nut 43 may be turned to adjust the toolup or down. If it be desired to'turn theholder 4G about the axis of thescrewfl in order to adjust it inwardly or outwardly (since by turningthe holder its screw 16 will be caused to shift lengthwise in the socket39, Fig.y l), the tool 45 is removed from the holder; of course, if itshould be attempted to turn the holder 46 about the axis of the screw467 while the tool 45 is in the' holder. lthe engage- "mi mi2-hehe Walisof toe recess :lie .holder from. ini'inng 'Ch the *wool required, fillelatei i is provide: The io 39 (Fig. lo.. been; against o surfaces ae in,siioui i3 may oe screwing ce. i, ond locking che blank 6U ending ieydmylv' fao lie. een" i'iiae eecurec' having *fe/eil?. ineen w @niet the operSie carriers. "d meer@ S9, and :may be locked after adjustment, asspliting the outer end of thel socket 67 receiving said screw, findplacing a nut .70 on die split portion of said socket. In order -toallow the center pin 6l to be released quickly when .clesire l. sai-:lpin provided Wil'i :i iiineveise projection Si" lie ends of which entercom grooves S7 of the bow 2a sliowsilie two positions of the. bon' 6'?.ln one position7 the bow stands radially with respect to the shaft andthe short staiglii poiseions G7* at the ends of the cam grooves 6T arealso radial, so that the pin may 'be locked and (if'i'equired) may reeive iis inal acijustinent by turning the Sien' 56 inwardly o theposition shown in f. .ll lines in Fig. 2a. llien it is desired torelease the pin 64, the sereni 65 is Sui-ned out- ".vnidly to allow itsinner enti to clear he enge or corner at the outer end oi the pin whenthe bow Q? swings on its axis A68, anni then the bow 67 is swunglaterally to the oblique position shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2n, thecoin grooves 67 operating i0 elie pin 64 onivrnifl sons to fully ieleasethe em'iier ansi, let-ie biank 30 thereon.

A Ii

viel is oms obb poi-tions 5T* may be dispensed with, the po- Vsation ofthe pin 64 oenig fully determined 3;: the engagement of its inner endwith the socket 'ma and oi its ti'zuiweise p'cogection v 6 with the coingrooves i7. the eenen' 645,

f 59 having 'when in its inner posiiion5 ser-Ying Jto lool; file com bowiii" :igaiiis swinging on its S8, which ringing mov., ni- Wonid produce:in onivaif'l inoemeni; of the pin ,l S show igifir- *Lize frame as anopening unriei ille center pins 57, G? for the convenien inseftion andremoval of the carriers 59 with their blanks 60. refeiv ably, the aznehas :in nciinecl (conical) eurinoe 7l to Catch ilie c-nips vl.in/ geitie Svllting from the Guti-ing operation, and io lie-@fnoige il om ,fipoint who-fe they will noi injure e Chine.

i Suitable mechanism may be provided 'im' rotating the h nnteiolo #22%.but pie'iei: to oiovicie :i ineeliiiuiei 4which will come ni'nable to:foto o :it :i relatively lonv wie spee during the cutting operation ofdie iools. emi at :in incr-:fused speecl between o ope ions. Thedrawings show in eii'iingemen' ibis purpose. The tuz'nable i3 hassplinteetli 113* in mesh L' i n pinion 72 secured. to u vertical shaftgouinnled in an upper bearing 7i on the 'Emme and in e lower bearing 75extending from n. stationary geni' box 75. To the .sim-f 73 is secured:i disk 7G carrying u peripheiel @am IT sind an intel-nelly toothed'disk or with opinion f ig This eine is in mesh :secured to a eiie. L29?alie upper portion oi i l; n: jf'oniiaeleii in a bearing 8l c airied aniii, while' Ehe lower en' lOC said shaft is received in an axial socket82 of a vertical shaft 82 alining with the shaft 80. To the shaft 82 issecured a sleeve 88 journaled in a bearing 7 5 projecting downwardlyfrom the gear box with the upper end of the sleeve 83 are connectedsockets 83 in which are rigidlysecured vertical pins or studs 84. onwhich pinions 85 are mounted to turn. equivalent devices serve to holdthe pinions 85 against longitudinal movement. The pinions 85A mesh witha central pinion 87 held to turn with the shaft 80, and also mesh withan internally toothed ring 88 secured to a disk 88 which is looselymounted .on said shaft 80. With the shaft and pinion 87 is also mountedto turn a ratchet Wheel 89, while a plate 83 integral with the sleeve 83carries spring parvis 89 so arranged that rotation of the shaft 82(which revolvesl continuously in one direction) will tend to drive theratchet Wheel 89 and `the shaft 8O at the saine speed as the shaft 82,the disk S8 in this case rotatingr idly in unison With the shaft 80. iBy holding the disk 88 stationary, the pinions 85 will be caused to rollupon the toothed ring 88 as the sleeve 83 revolves with the shaft 82,-andthe action of said pinions on the central pinion 87 'will cause thelatter` and the shaft 8O to rotate at a higher rate of speed than theshaft 82, the spring pawls 89 in this .case slipping over the teeth ofthe ratchet Wheel 89 which at that time is rotating faster than thesleeve carrying the pawls. In order to hold the disk 88 .stationary atcert-ain times, said disk is made With teeth 88 adapted tc be engaged bya locking lever 90 JEulcruined on the gear box 75 at 90 and extendingthrough an opening 75* of said gear box. 91 tends to throw the lever90into the locking position. `The upper end of the lever is pivotallyconnected at 90 with an arm 92 connected with a slide 93 movable :in asnide 75aL disposed on top of the gear bob: 5 in a direction radial Withrespect to the shaft 73. The slide 93 is formed with an upwardlyextending pin or stud 93 on which is mounted a roller 9-1 adapted toengage the cam 77. The shaft 82 is driven in any suitable manner, as bymeans of a belt engaging a pulley 96 on the shaft 82 and another pulley97 secured to the bevel wheel 23 on shaft To partly balance ther weightof the guide 4:0 and slide 89, I prefer to provide springs 98 coiledaround rods 99 secured to the turntable L13. The nuts 100,.adjustable onsaid rods, formstops limiting the upward-inouement of the guide 40.

The speciiic machine described above is intended for cutting the teethof pinions adapted to mesh with gears of the character shown in Figsf 14and 15. These gears, which are described more fully in my other v eachother,

Cotter pins 86 or.

4and preferably A spring application referred to above, are gears inwhich the opposing surfaces 101, 101 of each two adjacent teeth areplane and have longitudinal lines or elements parallel to being parallelto the axes 102 disposed centrally between'said opposing tooth surfaces,and converging from the pitch circle 103 to a point 10a on the axis ofthe gear. 1n the particular' case illustrated by Figs. 1 to 11, theWorking surfaces or edges of the tool 45 are shaped and situatedrelatively to each other, exactly like the pair of surfaces 101, 101 ontwo adwgaining teeth of the gear with which the pinion to be cut is tomesh. ln other Words,

in this particular case, the shape. of the pinion cutter 115 is thesaine as the shape of the space between two adjacent teeth of thecorresponding gear.

The blank 60 to be cut into a pinion may `be roughly formed in anysuitable manner before being nished on my improved niacnine, that 1s tosay, the said blank may be, is, a toothed blank Whenit 1s applied to thecarrier ln practice it will be advisable to provide twice as manycarriers 59 as theinachine is adapted to hold, that vis to say, sixteencarriers in the case of a machine for cutting eight pinions at the.saine time, as in the machine illustrated. Thus, while the cuttingoperation is going on, additional blanks 60 could be fastened on theextra carriers so that upon the completion of the cutting operation,these extra carriers could be placed in the machine at once, afterremoving the carriers with the nished pinions. The manner of insertingand removing the blank carriers 59, and of moving 'the cestiter pins G-ifor this purpose, will be evident from the description given above. i

The rotation of Athe shaft 22 will cause the slides 39 and the tools 415to reciprocate, the paths of the tools ,or cutters corresponding tostraight axial lines such as 102 in Figs. 11- and 15) of pairs of toothsurfaces (such as 101, .lOl/'l of' the gear with which the pinions areadapted to mesh. lNhile the tools'are thus reciprocating, they also aretraveling around the a.\:is of the turntable or tool carrier Therota-tion of the turntable 43, produced by its meshing with the drivingpinion 72, will (owing to the meshing oi. said turntable with thetoothed heads of' the carriers 59) cause the blanks 60 to turn with thecarriers 59, at the same rate relatively to the circumferential movementof the tools the rate at which the finished pinion will turn relativelyto the gear with which it is intended to mesh in actual use. 'Thetoothed head 63 preferably has the same number of teeth as the pinion tobe out. `When one of the tools 45 has finished cutting a tooth on one ofthe blanks 60, such tool, by thevrotation of the turntable 43, is

' Liefern.

'i offge into opemive relation the mank on die fd: Carrier 59, and thisopera-tion Ybeing i'epezied :L suitable number of times,

ie leeili of lie several pinions me comthem Siep uniting at the will beegiflent that time j.' speeding up the turntable intervals when thecutting :v l pimsiisg from one blank G0 to lie pwpese lieve providedhzmism governed by @am 7T. iis long as the spe'rxliiig the blanks 60,engaging the roller Si, holds engagement with the SS. so that the shafti engages the is in locking eno, so they the sha higher rate. of 'Speedthan course, lle pinion 72 has "n :ver olf teeth that l Counting fromwel begins to operate on one c the tool into proper position preferablythe next blank: thus, with il cou-rse, the turni ne relatedeonbinuou'sly' at a E" sneed, mili during the eutruig ille inter-Valspassing from one he wiring of nl? the ieetli ei' the pinions mivrealjusments of its parts und of the blank Carriers 59, it is ble #lietlli@ Demise? of teeth on lie .ml 'the n'uirilqerof tliemating totli 425on lle turntable 'l-S, Should have #widmen divisor or faster. Stated yin orileito eeeufe this advantage, ller ieimee lieween aay two tools edby the eoii'esslonding number ets 42. Slmull lia-15e no diriger commenwith like nmnber of i on the lia/esl Ufhen, 'as in the case die tools 45are spaced evenlymfihne, die rule will be as foliaumber of felh on thehead G3 1 ne commen divisor or factor orio-tieni obtained by dividingthe ilifi lir number of sockets 43"; by the mzmlier of iols. ln eaol'iof these rules, it; siiouifl nomi that the number of teeth on It will beumlersbood that the sei?v complete revolution of seid pinionirizieninemay complete blanks er pinions G0. Of course, .iii pmetice, tile evenspacing of the several tonie Wiil be preferreil. Thus, in. kexariiplesliowi'i the heacl 63 the 60) lies thirteen eeli, and the mnmble@ifposed to have forty-'eight tesi"- as the eight #mois i5 are ew iangular disaiiee beveei eej-leent oos is represented by six toothsecfeis New, the numbers G and i3 have no eemmon diviser. Therefore, ifone of elle tesis cuis Sap'. lie ls tooth e ginie. the Heini me-i willmi zooi-h of ie same l the 'aliirieenii ooh, oe. the sixli and iso on(twelfth, nftli, eweiih, ieizrii, tenth,' thirfl nimh, secou@ and eigiiitooth) unt-il every tooth lies beeii From the explanation just given itWiil apparent time die turzi-able Wirli lieve `to perform more than acompleie reiioluioi (to Wit, one and ve-eigllths a revolu tion) in orderto eut all the lri-een) 'eeiii of each blmk or pinion 60.

In the, example, slioivnugthe bleak @arriere 59 are equei in number "olle tenis 45 and. evenly spaced (et intervals ci 45, @erre- Sponciing/tosix 300th seoieis 43"). This even spacing of the blank carriers isessential when the turntableis rotated alternately fast ami slow, es inthe specific example fleeerbefl above, bul; if the tiiinteb is retaieflat e uniform rete of speed, it is irfimezeriel Whether the 'blankcarriers ae spece evenly or not.

The Yarious'adjustmens desei'iloe owe enable the cutters 45 aixd theirslides 39 izo be sei: so that the tools will tmvel the proper paths. .Tnciiztling;k bevel pinioiie with vradial teeth (Figs. 1 to since theoblique cutting edges of the tool do not lie in the central line orsialane of the slide said edges Wiil operme in planes which lo not passthrough the `eriex oi lie eene of the blank or pinion 60. This will se'imflerstood beet by ieerenrce to i anfiffi. A indicates the moet Wliiehifie resp blanks 60 are .firlaptefl te roi l axis :about which theture-isi' The Seid mies and E in'ersff C, which is :zi-vo lie vertex oftee (indicated by he divergng lines i the Cone (indicated by thecliverging lines E) Corresponding *Lo the 'pitch eerie of lie from' withwliieli the pinion be mesh. The pnt-h oi' reoiproeation forms ecriteangles bilh ooi-h :mes 1MB. lt will be Seei that the direction in whieli:i roei l5 rmiwocates, is parallel with :i line (such ne l), E) ruiminglo the' veriex C. Fig. 4 being :i View perpendicular to the direction inwhich tlie tool rcoiprmates, it follows that the tool will reciprocal@in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing (with respecttoFiO. el), that is to say, each of the two lstraight cutting edges ofthe tool -15 will move in a plane perpendicular to the plane of thepaper. It will be obvious that these planes of motion do not pass hroughthe vertex C, for in Fig. 1 this vertex is projected into the point C',which lies between the cutting edges of the tool. i

lt is `to be noted that in the example shown I employ a tool or cutterhaving straight cutting edges, and cause this tool' to reciprocate alonga straight line corresponding (or parallel) to the axis (10Q) of thatpair of tooth surfaces of the mating wheel of which said tool is acounterpart; l' am thus able to form `conjugate pinion surfaces to suehplane surfaces (101, 101")'of the mating wheel.

In speaking above of the tool as reciprocating along a straight line, lwas leaving out ot' consideration, for the u'ioment, the fact thatsimultaneously with its reciprocaton, the tool also travels about theaxis B with the turntable .43. The relative motions however are sodetermined that the vspeed of the tools recij'irocation will be so unichgreater than that of the movement about said axis B, that the amount ofcirclunferentiai shifting of the tool during a single cut (inwardmotion) will be very slight and practically negligible.' The gearing mayhe so projiortiomal, 'for instance. that each tool will perform sa).ytwenty-live,cuts on a pinion tooth before such tooth passes out of theoperative range of the tool.

)Vhile the cutter shown in li`igs. l. B, -land 11S is adapted to cut apinion which will mesh with al gear in which the space between twoadjoining teeth is of unifoi'm cross sec; tion (since the' toothsurfaces lOl. lOl are parallel to the axial linel 10Q), so that thepinion cutter will eut at the same time` lhe. two surfaces of the lsametooth (see llig. i), it ma)7 be desired in some casesl to cut theopposing surfaces of two adjoining pinion teeth at the same time. viz.:when the teeth (and not the spaces) of the meshiuggear are of uniformcross section. .All that is necessary in this ease is to employ a cuttersuch as shown iu Fig. 17, which has two straight cutting edges 45*coin-'erging toward the free end of the tool and thus adapted to eut atthe same time, the opposing tooth surfaces of two adjoining pinionteeth.

ln some cases it may lnot lie desirable to cut two tooth surfaces at thesame time.. For this purpose, l may provide, cutters of the type shownin Figs. 1S and 1S". having only one straight cutting edge-l5, which onone cutter slants to the left` and on the other `tool to the right.Preferably, vthe tools shown in Figs. 1S and 1S" (and also in Fig.

17) would in all other respectshe made eX-. actly like the tool '1-5 ofFlgs. l", :hand 4, so

as to be interchangeable therewith. When employing the tools shown inFigs. 18 and 18-, I would prefer to secure tools such as shown in Fig.18, in alternate tool holders' or slides 39, that is to say, one slidewould carry a tool of the form shown in ]5`ig. 18|,`v the next a tool ofthe shape shown in Fig. 1S, and so on. `In this case, it would of coursetake longer (three and one-fourth revolutions of the turntable 43) tocomplete the cutting operation than when each cutter has two cuttingedges operating simultaneously, as in the forni of cutter 'shown inFigs. 1, 3, and 4.

The pinion produced by the operation of the machine as described abovehas tooth surfaces, formed by the action of the straight cutting edgesreciprocated. in paths which correspond to the axial or centrallines.(such as 102,)of a pair of tooth surfaces on the gearwith whichsaid pinion is adapted to mesh.

The planes .of reeiprocation of these cutting edges are tangent tothetooth surfaces which they eut on the pinions, and as stated above,such planes do not pass through the vertex (l of the pitch cone of theblank. At each reciprocation, the edge of the cutter produces astraight-line element on the tooth surface. inasmuch as the tool carrierrotates, the straight lines produced on the same tooth su rfaee bysuccessive cuts 'will all extend in different directions, that is tosay, each of the straight-line elements on a particular tooth 'surfaceforms an angle with all the other straightfline elements on the sainetooth surface of the. hlanl: or pinion, or, in other words. no twostraight-line elements on the same tooth surface will be parallel tocach other. ()n the other hand, there will he on each tooth surface ofthe pinion, a .straight line. (and only one) which is parallel to justone straight line on an Vadjacent'. tooth surface. ln the particularcase when both surfaces of the same tooth are. cut in the fashiondescribed (Figsfl, 3, 4, 18, and

. lS), one of such pair of parallel lines will lie-on 'one tooth surfaceof a tooth, and the other on the other surface 'ot the same tooth. Whenhowever` the cutters are' arranged to eutJ opposing surfaces ofadjoiningteeth (Fig. 1T), the pair will be, not on the two 'surfaces ofthe same tooth, but on the oppos ing surfaces of adjoining teeth. Ineach case, ot' course; the pair of parallel straightline. elements willhe on adjacent orv immediately successive tooth surfaces ofthe pinion.-'lhese lines will also, of course, appear parallel if viewedinprojection toward the axis of (he blank. From Fig. l 1t will be seenthat the. cutting edges of the cutter 45 are ar,- ranged on opposite.sides of the center line (indicated by the point of the. reciprocatorymotion. The samel thing would he ytruefof a cutter such as shown in Fig.17, or -a set` oft-utters such as shown in Figs. 18

the axis of the turntable and 18a. In each case, the plane of fee.cation ofthe cutting edge, dees met through the veiex of the pitch coneei the blank and every point of each of the two,

during the. mitwai' (return, imictivel m men, the push elf theenmiecting red, sisle by 'ille springs SI-'S when such ere emiilqveil,will cui :e the tecl lo rise, y siginw ing 'Lilie guide ed upwardlyagainst lie {ecijustecle) steps 100.

The weer l the cutters will geneially not elle@ their operation, butwhen it newmes necessary to adjust them eensieiably lengthwise ofclic-i1' path, may disconnect the plaie 36 and reverse it., bng'ng whatwas eymerly its inner end te the ouside. and owing n the .@msj/mmercal:ii-range-v ment f lie pin such reversal 'will have the Seme ei'ect asif the length of the connecting red 32 were aiteie( Upon disconnectingthe reds 32,5@ l 40 ifh the parts caiziefgl thereby y be swungcutwedlyim the iui'mione enil the normally upper surface ni the guifles {whlehsurface by this mevemezi eefemee the lower suij'ece) rests on aeuppoiinffece 43 located exteriorly of the a" of ille trunniens 414.This 1s of greateenvemeice noi only for getting at the cutters l5{illiielxl are thus ervpesecl),l but also foz Teme-ving the shalt Q2 ifdesiieel, and also for applying in the central space of lie frame,suitable.

gage for properlypdsitioning the ceters. The ileted linesat the' left ofFig. l indicate the position talei by the guide 40 whez'i swungilu-ongle en angle @T over 18x50 se as e0 bring it to rest en theext-evier sippoting surface 43. Y;

When the cutter has two melting' edges in Figs. 1, -l and l?, such edgesare prefer-f ably lccaeil in the seme plane, which is transverse tetl'se pail; in wlieli lie wel recprocates. Obviously, the :aiglesubemleal by the wo cutting eilges {vLwed leem lie axis) increases:1e-the toolv moves inwmfzl. The pinion seeth prduee lie cuite? is notof uniform cross sectien leem eml le emi. 'out nnrrnwer all lia: @nwhich is nearer to tlxe axis of the pinion. In Fig.. 13, time lieu ryline nicates Athe inner m' smalle? end cf the pinion. :mil lle lightine. lieouer end.

ln the znacnie shown. lli) zm'gle between l?, :md the :Dres of elleblank carriers 59 is :i right angle. the blank cariel' :1. es beingrlicrimntal, :zml the axis of the turntable vertical. This right- Figs,73

sind. l l

e pe "l 'she exis l. leetlyf-xl will non be ll'lieii tli slim' :ma f5.3elia z'nnge el? lef ml nfljue mili e5 to saidV ms. Fig. lll f v .shapenl skew lsf-.vel en en the blamll;

ill lic Nunleisoei'l are the san1 im el sel'iliefl. tli l, is lf sa. .Lmice o guides er s fthe. only cllzxnge i'eiiiiiefl. 'vieil f'beve' ingthe egim.

@Urine-es ese ele-morals l* rele li mel edm e5 slam. sehe weil?.

0 the pinie reference pinicn.- il" ingV millet-2 meiei. pose-:l el merei axes. which in the l by lie L? espectivi milieu is el eentee fiileuiting :ime

s'eeiproe will lieve.

axes of which intersect, comprising a blank carrier, and a tool.arranged to reciprocate in such a path that its cutting edge will describe a surface having no straight-line elements which pass through thevertex 'of the pitch cone of the blank, and means for producing arelative rolling motion of the tool and the blank. f

2. A machine for cutting bevel gears, comq prising blank carrier, a toolcarrier, a tool secured on said carrier, means for reciprocating thetool carrier and the tool so as to cause the latter to cut on the blank,straight-line tooth-surface elements which do not pass through thevertex of the blank cone, and means for producing a relative rollingmotion of the blank tool. l

23. A gear-cutti machine, comprising blank carrier, tool holder, a toolcarried thereby, means for Yproduiting a relative rolling motion ol' thetool and the blank, and means 'for imparting a reciprocating motion tosai i tool in a direction oblique with reiference to the axes ol' said.rolling motion, said tool having two cutting edges out ol longitudinalalinement with reference to the direction of reciprocation, said cuttingedges being adapted to form on the blank simultaneously, tootlrsurfaceshaving rec ilinear elements lying out of axial planes of the blank. p

fi. A gear-cutting machine, comprising a blank carrier, a tool carrier,a tool on thc last-named carrier, means for producing a relative rollingmotion of the tool and blank, said tool having two cutting edges in constant operative relation to each other and formed in counterpart to twoadjacent toothsurlfares, and means for reciprocating said tool in adirection oblique with reference to the axes ot' said rolling nnition,to simultaneously cuttwo tooth-surfaces on the blank.

5. A machine for cutting bevel gears, comprising a blank carrier, acutting tool having two cutting edges located symmetrically on oppositesides of a plane which contains the axis of the blank carrier.l meansfor reciprocating said tool so that everyv Vpoint of said cutting edges'will move in a path parallel to said plane, and means for producing arelative rolling motion ol2 said tool and of the blank on the blankcarrier.

(l. A machine for cutting bevel gearaim prisionr a blank carrier, atool. means'lor producing a relative rolling motion of the tool and oi'the blank held on said carrier. about intersecting axes. and means 'Forcans ing the putting edge of the tool to reciprorate in Arplanc whichdoes not pass through the point of intersection of lsaid axes.

7. A. machinelor-cutting bevel gearsmom prisimcr a blank carrier, atool, means 'for producinga relative rolling motion of the tool and ot'the blank held on said carrier. aboui two intersecting axes one of whichcoincides with that of the carrier,and means for causing the tool toreciprocate in such a direction that all points of its cutting edge willdescribe paths which do not intersect the said axis of the carrier. l

8. A gear-cutting machine, comprising a blank carrier, a tool, means forproducing a relative rolling motion of the tool and of the blank abouttwo axes one of which coincides with that of the carrier, and means forreciprocating the tool obliquely with ref erence to the axis of thecarrier in such a direction that all points o't' the tools cutting edgewill describe paths which do not intersect the Said axis of the carrier.

9. A gear-cutting machine, comprising a blank carrier,- a tool havingtwo cutting edges which are nearer to each other at one endthan at theother, means lor producing a relative rolling motion of the tool and ofthe blank held on said carrier, about two axes one ol which coincideswith that of the carrier, and means for reciprocating the tool obliquelywith reference to the axis of the carrier in such a direction that allpoints of both cutting edges of the tool will describe paths which donot. pass through the said axis ot the carrier, said cutting edges beingout of longitudinal alinement'-witl1 reference to the direction 'ofreciprocation.

l0. A machine for cutting gears, compricing a blank carrier and aitoolcarrier arranged to rotate, one relatively to the other. a tool holderon the `tool carrier, ar ranged to reciprocate in a pathavhich isoblique tothe axes of botli carriers, a tool in said holder arranged toreciprocate therewith inl such a direction that all points of y thecutting edge ol the tool will move in paths 'which 'do not interesectthe axis of the blank carrier and driving means for causing-the tool toJfollow said relative rotation. K f

ll. A- bevel-gear vcutting machine, comprising a rotary blank carrier,a. tool carrier, a cutting tool carried by the last-named carrier androtated to follow the rotation 'of `the blank,-and rcciprocated withreference thereto in such a manner that the cutting edge o'l'csaid toolwill move/in planes which do not pass tbrouglrthe vertex ot' the pitchcone ot' the blank, said blank carrier and the tool carrier havingF axeswhich intersect, and driving means for effecting said rotation andrineiprocatlon.

inermi.

. rotary b ank carrier, a' tool carrier mounted lso Y blank carrielgatool holder,

to'turn. about4 anfaxis at an angle to tha-t of thewblankicariicr, atool-holder arranged to tum: with said tool.v carrier and toreciprocatereatively theretotowardl and: from the centratportion ofi thefcarrierlin a direction oblique to the axis of. rotation ot the blank carrier,`and meausjfor producing in'. unison, a rotation' of the. blank. carrierandi of the tool carrier and s: reciemcation ofi the tool hnlder.

14a AL` gear-cutting machine comprising arotary blan': carrier, ai toolcarrier mounted to turn. abouti anaxis-at an angle to that of the-blankcarrier,` a tool-fv liolder'arr'anged to reciprocate toward-and from.the central.

port-ion ofthe'tooli carrier and to'rnt-at'e with tool can'ier,andrmeans for. producing in` unison, a rotation of the blank carrier.and! of the tool carrier and: a reciprocation of the tool holder.

lo. A machine for cutting'. Bevel-pinions; comprising a; rotary blank-1carrier, av toolholder arranged to reciprocate in ai path at ananglet'of the -carri'ers axis, a` tool carred by saidholder and having.two' cutting surfaces: shaped conformably to the' teeth of` the bevellWheel with which the pinion-be:-

mg: cut is adapted to mesh,.an'd= means for' causing the tool holder toreceive aA rolling motion relatively to theVr blankv carrier.

16. A gear-cutting machineconqorisingA a al tool carried by said holder'and'. provided: with'. a cutting edge, means; for producing zr rollingcontact motion' between the blank held'on' said carrier and the tooicarried' by said holder, and means' for reciprocating' said holder in adirection oblique With reference'y to the two*y axes of said` rollingcontacta-motion and in such a manner that all oints of the cutting edgeof the tool Wil? move in paths which do not intersect the axis' oftheblank carrier.

17; A gear-cutting machine comprising a blank carrier, a tool having twocutting edges, a holder'for said tool, meansfor pro ducing a rollingcontact motion between the blank held on said carrier and the toolcarried by said holder, and means for reciproeating said holder in a'direction oblique with reference to the two axes of the said rollingContact motion and in such a manner that all points of the cutting edgeof the tool Will move' inpaths which do not intersect tlie' aXisof thevblank carrier.

18. Agear-cutting machine comprising a blank carrier, a tool holder,atool` on said holder, means for producing'a rolling contact' motionbetween the blank held on said carrier andf the t'ocl carried by' said:vholder, and meansfor reciprocatingtsaid holder in a'- direction obliquewith reference to the two axes of the rolling contact mot-ion', saidtool having two simultaneously' operative cutting ed'ges located out'yoli longitudinal alinement With reference to' the direction of thereciprocating motion'.y v n 19.'- Ac gear=cutting machine comprising ablank carrier, a; tool having' two simul taneously' operative'converging cutting edges lying ini'. the' same plane, meansforprodlucing. a rolling contact :notion betweenthe said tooi: and theblank heldon said carrier, and: means for reciprocatng the tool at an:angle tov both axes of said-rolling con'- tact: motion? andi also at?an; rangle' to the plane oi'1 said: cutting" edges in such a mannerithatthe' said chatting! edges will m'ove' in planes which do'notv passthrough the vertex ofthe' pitch cone' of the' blank;

20. A; gear-@innige machine' comprising' a blank carrier, a toolhaving'l tWo' siniltaneouslyvoperativsf converging rectilinear cutting;edges,meaxw for' p'roduring'v a rolling Contact' motion? Between saidtool and the' blank held by carrier, and mcansfor-- reciprocati thesaidi tool. at an angle" to both axes o the; saidrolling'conta'ctfmotionf andl also at au' angle7 to the plane of saidcutting edgesin' suehf amannerf that the said cutting edges- Wiltl movein= planes' wh'iei'ig do not pawV through the vertex? of the pitchconeof: the-'blank` 21.- Ai gearcnttin machine comprising a blankAcarnergv'ai to' f' having two simultaneouslgy operative cutting' edgeswhich are closer togetherat one end than at the' other, means forproducing a rollin'gcontac m0- tion. betweem the-.said t'o'ol andi theblank heldr onsind*P carrier; and means for reciproeating the tool atthe roliing contact than all points of said' cutting edges will moveinlin'es'whi'ch do not ver-texi of the pitch cone-"of-the blank.

22; gear=cutting machine co rising-r a'A blank carrier', al toolh'a'vingt'wo ously operative' cutting edges located in the same plane;- m'eansfor prodncing'w rolling contact motion betweenthevsaid' tool and theblank heldl on the carrier, and means for reciprocating the t'ool at' anangle to both-axes off therol-ling contact motion and also at ainangle'1 toltheplane of the" cutting edges inv such' a' manner that allpoints: of saidcutting edges willmove in linesvwliich do' notfpass'throu'gh the Vertex offtlie pitch coneo'l the blank.

23'. A1 machine f'or' cutting bevel gears; comprising a pluralityfofrotary blank carriers. radiating from a common center, -a tool'.farr'ier' arangedlt'o rotate abouti an axis an*l angle!l to :both axesof motion in suelta-manner pass' through thel multan'epassing' throughsaid center, tool holders' mounted to recirocateonf said tool carrier'for causing the tool holders to reciprocate comprising rotary blankcarriers radiating `lsimult aneously with the rotation of the blankcarriers and of the tool carrier. 24..A machine for cutting bevelgeare',f.

from a common center, tooll holders arranged to reciprocate lengthwiseof 'said'c'a`rriers, and means `for causing said holders,` as theyreciprocate, to revolve bodily about an axis passing through saidcenter.

:;,A machine for cutting bevel gears,

comprising rotary blank carriers radiating v'comprising rotary blankcarriers radiating from a'common cen'ter,- a tool c'arr`ier-connected'with sa1dblankcarr1ers by meshlng teeth thereonl andl mountedto-turn' about an' axis passing .through `said common center,

tool holdersmounted lto lreciprocate'in arid out on said carrlervand'arrangednt anglilar intervals so lproportioned `that thenurnpin forengaging the otherend of the-blanlt 95 ber of teethgon the carrier,

tool lmlders,v and the numbrof teeth on each ofthe blank/carriers, willhave` no tool holderspto,` reciprocate simultaneously' with therotation,of the blank carriers 'and of the tool carrier. 27. A *machine f orcutting gears, compris ing a rotarysblanlr 'carrier,da'tool carriercommon dirisor, and'nieans for causing the ing teeth l'therecn, tool.holders mounted to reciprccatein and, outoxrsaid carrier and" arrangedxt interyals so proportioned that the nurnheijojteeth .on the carrier,between any two too,

teeth onl the blank ,ca'rrerawill Jhavelno'co'm' mon divisor, an meansforscausingthe tool holders to recipr'cate' simultaneously with* therotatioiiof tlief carrier;A I 28. er machineftforcuttinggears,.'comprising a blank sudam01 carrierafconfed bytothetlfgearing,.in such a 'manner' tween saidfc to reciprocate onthetoolcarrienat an angle to the Maxes" of both'carriers and `a tool?secured to 'said'holder' and having :xi-cutting edge all points ofwliichreciprocate yin paths 1 which do not'inters'ectfthe axis of the blank Icarrier,y y v r 29. machine forc'utting gears, comprisf` ing ablanlccarrier and" a tool carrier'con-nl nected by meshing teeth1vthereon. such a. manner as to' produce a rolling Contact shifting o fthe tool duringa singlecut will reciprocation being s u'ch all l.pointsot the cut-" vtingedge will movel in lines which do not@ 'ofthe blank. i

" pivotetl to the tool carrier, connected withsaid blankcarrier bymesh-" -`of the'iguide, and means for-[imparting Ja. c -relative rollingContact motion .to theblank ',held 'on the blankl carrier andtoathefct'oo holders, and.;A the ynumberf'of 4slide 'arranged `vto.reoiprocateon said guide ment ofthe guide about its pivct,a1 id means fo produ'ce rylliznegr contact;motion"bellaL 1ers, av .tool `holderarranged versez tothe' pivot axis offthfe'l ui tion between saidcarriers, tool` holders mounted to reciprocate in and out on said toolcarrier and arrang'edat inter-vals so proportioned that the number ofteeth won thev carrier, between any two tool holdersandf' l" the numberof teeth on the blank'carri'em'vo- -rection oblique withA reference tothe two l axes of the rolling motion,kat .a `speed -so *i much greaterthanv that. of the rolling moy tion that the amount, of .circumferential85' 4 be practically'negligible, the ldir ecti''m of th'efpass throughthe yertexy of 4the, pitch cone A9 0' 31, A'mach'ine lforcutting gears,compris i lng a frame, a. centenpn'i adapted to'engagel one end of ablank carr1er amatmg 'centercarrier, screw' mechanism for theslow ad- Ajustment of the 'last-namedcenter;plnycamc f, mechanism forthequickadgustmentof 'said lpin', 'and means for cuttingtoo'th surfaces iing ablank cariiena t i am Oldhl gia "r slide' arranged to reciprocal:njsaid' guide' 1 in a Adirection tra.nsversev to hepivot amsl'lo in.adirection trainsverselt the pivotfaris of theguide,means for limitmgthemore;

for imparting arelative'rolling contact me: tion to the blank held enthe blankvarriersj. and to the toolcarriedby'said sl id e 34. "Amachineffor'cutting gearsrqnipris 12e nga blank "carrier, atoofllcarrier, a n guid pivoted' to 'the tool carri'e'r about a 'hqrigontal axis, a tool-holdingfslide*arranged t ciprocate on Asaid guide in ati lll ola lield on the blank carrier and to the inolcarried by saidslide.

35. A machine for cutting gears, compris ing a blank carrier, a toollcarrier, a guiile pivoesl to -tlie "wol 'carrier and adjustablelengthwise of its pivo axis, a roel-holding slide arranged toreciprocate on sairl Goirle in a direction transverse to said pivotaxis, and means for imparting a relative rolling Contact motion lo theblank held on the blank carri r and to the tool carried by said slirle.

36. A machine for cutting gears, coniprising a blank carrier, a toolcarrier, a guide piroted to the tool carrier, the latter being provided,on opposite sides of the guides pivot, with supporting surfaces areranged to engage the guide in two clierent positions, a tool-holdingslide arranged to reciprocate on said guide in a direction transverse tosaid pivot axis, and means for imparting a relative vrolling Contactmotion to ehe blank held on the blank carrier ancl to the tool carriedby said slide.

37. A, machine for cutting gears, cornprising a blank carrier, a toolcarrier mountu ed to turn, a plurality of guides which are pivotecl tothe tool carrier to swing about lie; ontal axes, the said ool carrierbeing lorerirlefl, liotli interiorly and eXteriorljf olf pivot axes,Witlivsupporting surfaces arranged to engage the guides in their noi maland in their inverted positions respectively, tool-holding slidesarranged` to recipro/:ate en said guides in direczions 'transverse iothe respective piroi; axes, centrally loeatesl driving mechanism havingfletaelialole Connections Willi said slides, and means for imparting arelailive rolling contacib niotion io the blank held on 'elle blankcarrier and io the ltools carried by the said slides.

3S. l machine for cutting gears, cornprising a blank carrimt a toolcarrier mounted to turn aboarupright axis, e guide piroed to said toolcarrier about n, horizontal axis located ai; the outer por tion of theguide, a toolholcling slide ar-A ranged to reciprocate on said guide ina clirection transverse to said horizontal axis, lrifing means connectedwith said slide a Joint located interiorly of the said horizontalv axis,and means for imparting a rela tire rolling Contact motion to the blanklielel ble ,Serri ry i ool'n surfaces on lie Vier is positioned bysalici `lcl by l center sh eil. A niaclnne 'ier out-ting 'gears`l` c inga l*lanlr earlier7 e, rotary feo *cool liolrlers arrangerl *bo rotate nn ooi carrier and arranged to r liereon to cnt r-eoli surfaces andineens rotating l alternately sie and fasi speeiively 0 le Aperioderier, tool holders te rel? said tool carrier and lo reciproca izo outoolh surfaces the for rotating lie ool carrier @lian ging n'iezzlian@sin @alas elle tool earn san., carrier o nieve relative portions iisre'olii' tools milling, be p un ingy rl'iose porions oli ille reife-unenoi i noel er when lie aools nei; ceiling.

2. er machine for oneri/.ng rising lol-unl;

3 a 'lool helder aria 'ro 'tooli surfaces on ne for rotaing elle zoolariier, changing ineelianisin, opera'erl cally lz'ne saicl carrier roa';iig il; up daring the inerrele is out of oontaee w' l *ne lil ltestimoni] irliereni, l lial specilieatioiin tlie'presenee ingwitnesses.

